Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) - 1162 Words

What is ADHD? â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood† (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). ADHD in real terms is the inability to focus. Several people have describe people with ADHD as skirmish, talkative, and have trouble waiting. ADHD has been previously described as ADD (attention deficit disorder) but the only difference is the â€Å"H†. This â€Å"H† describes how this disorder deals with hyperactivity, while ADD can be more calm. Effects in Children Adults Symptoms that occur in children include low self-esteem, easily distracted, troubled relationships, poor accomplishments in school, unnecessary talking, trouble waiting, and others. Many of these symptoms can be outgrown; although, many kids have ADHD their whole life (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children). If these symptoms are seen in children and have occurred many times, the child should get tested for ADHD. However, take into consideration that kids have tons of energy and get moody when tired so if these symptoms have been seen only a few times wait for more instances. More importantly, it is not just in little children because it can also be recognised in teens. If there is a suspicion that a teen has ADHD more attention should be put on them for â€Å"teens with ADHD may also have more problems when they are driving cars. They get more speeding tickets and have serious car accidents more often† (ADDShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1145 Words   |  5 Pages Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? Meghan L. Gonzales National University Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? 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Although Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is growing more and more common among teens and children today, throughRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. â€Å"ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.† (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. â€Å"Substance abuse disorder is definedRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )963 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Mizeldrick K. 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It is easy to define a person by their impulsivity; however, it is difficult to try and understand the reasons behind the behavioral patterns that come along with this disorder. Blake TaylorRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a neuro-behavioral disorder typically seen in children. Over the past several years’ attention-deficit hyperactive disorder seems to be on the rise. Since 2011, eleven percent of children ranging from ages four to seventeen were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (Children with ADHD et. Al. 2016). Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder is a difficult disorder to diagnosis, but once the disorder is diagnosed there are ways to manageRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1210 Words   |  5 PagesADD/ADHD, better known as Attention Deficit Disorder/ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, is a growing disorder in children and adults alike in the United States. So many people have this disorder now a days that it isn’t a rare thing for a child to be diagnosed with it. In this paper I will go over the cause of ADD/ ADHD, the details about what it actually is and how it affects people, when yo u need to have the child checked for this disorder, and the many signs and symptoms of ADD/ ADHD disorderRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )754 Words   |  4 Pageschildren who are hyperactive. In contrast to Goodman and Scott (1997), I believe hyperactivity does not necessarily occur due to lack of control. There may be high volumes of hyperactivity that can be controlled through behaviour management strategies (BMS) such as positive reinforcement, self-awareness procedures, and classroom management. Varma (1993). Schachar (1991) suggests that hyperactivity is not recognised as a diagnosis in itself, but is a fundamental component of several disorders such as AttentionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )992 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical ordeal. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD is one out of two of the neurobehavioral disorders that inhibits an individual from focusing on one task at a time. According to fusion.nets article What Adderall does to your brain In the US alone roughly 6.4 million kids and 10 million adults suffer from ADHD. Adderall, Concerta, Vyvanse and Ritalin are just a few of the prescription based stimulant amphetamines pharmaceutical companies have made available to help treat ADHD and ADD disordersRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1678 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"ADHD is a neurological difference that affects learning and language, and every aspect of life† (Hardman). It has been argued that ADHD (Attention Defic it Hyperactive Disorder) is not a real disease, but it has been confirmed by neurological testing that ADHD is a real disease. It has been found that ADHD symptoms are caused by a child having less brain activity in their frontal lobes; this part of the brain controls the impulse control which will make it harder for the child to sit still. There

The effect of performance management systems on employee engagement Free Essays

Introduction Background Prior research has established the positive effects of employee engagement in the workplace, not only for the organisation in its entirety but also for the wellbeing and productivity of individual employees (Kahn, 1990). It is therefore of paramount importance that research correctly identifies the factors which give rise to increased employee engagement and investment in their job. Rich, Lepine and Crawford (2010) found in a study of 245 fire fighters that engagement, conceptualised as the investment of one’s complete self into a job role (the degree to which a job role is integrated into a personal construct) was a significant mediator in the relationship between value congruence, perceived organisational support, core self-evaluations and the dependent variable: job performance dimensions. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of performance management systems on employee engagement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aside from the obvious benefits, including increased productivity and employee initiative, this also suggests that there are psychological perks for employees with higher rates of engagement. Increased self-efficacy, job satisfaction, self-esteem and morale have been found to be direct consequences of higher rates of employee engagement (Bakker and Schaufeli, 2008; Harter, Schmidt and Hayes, 2002). Employee wellbeing in the workplace is known to correlate with positive business outcomes (Harter, Schmidt and Keyes, 2003). Overall, engaged employees are more likely to view their job as meaningful, their management and leadership as above average, have better perceptions of their own ability to perform their duties and are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, leading to a greater work ethic and better performance (May, Gilson and Harter, 2004). The research question The research problem we are facing is to determine the antecedents of employee engagement in the workplace. The questions that will be used to investigate this will query the relationship between management policy and employee engagement. The objective of this study will be to determine whether performance management strategies used by companies affects in any capacity the tendency of employees to fully engage themselves in the workplace. The experimental hypothesis will be that increased use of performance management strategies in the workplace increases rates of employee engagement. Performance management is the independent variable and employee engagement will be the dependent variable. This will establish whether one significant facet of management policy affects employee engagement; an important factor in predicting effectiveness in the workplace. However there are other factors which could potentially influence the dependent variable (employee engagement) which are beyond the scope of this study. There may be many aspects of the individual and their chosen career which affect how engaged they are regardless of management policy. In addition, Saks (2006) found that multiple facets of how an organisation handles employees’ work ethic determines how engaged they are in the workplace, including how much training is provided and perceived effectiveness of procedural justice at work. Isolating performance management will be one step in building a framework to more fully predict employee engagement. If the anticipated effects are discovered, this would be valuable information for businesses wishing to enhance employee productivity and satisfaction using the medium of employee engagement. By establishing the antecedents of employee engagement it will be possible to fill in another gap in the overall model presented by research to predict positive business outcomes. It has been vehemently established that employee engagement can indirectly affect this outcome, but the influences resulting in greater engagement have received relatively little attention. Performance management in particular was chosen since it encapsulates something that is under the direct control of businesses, and will therefore potentially offer an immediate and practical means for businesses to affect employee engagement. Literature review This section will incorporate definitions of the variables involved and the theoretical context of employee engagement and its antecedents. It will also cover some of the research into other factors besides the independent variable for this study which could reasonably affect the independent variable. Employee engagement The definition of employee engagement is surprisingly ambiguous in the literature, which led Macey and Schneider (2008) to gather and categorise the various definitions found in research. They found that authors generally referred to engagement in one of three broad domains; psychological state engagement, behavioural engagement and trait engagement. The effect of management, leadership, company policy and any performance management strategies employed by the business are of course effective only at the behavioural and psychological state level; trait level engagement is innate and relatively constant in each individual, and arises from various psychometric variables. The conceptualisation we shall settle on for this study will therefore involve only the psychological state and behavioural levels, since the primary independent variables of interest involve factors the business can influence to increase employee engagement. Theoretical context for employee engagement Within a theoretical context, employee engagement fits well into the explanatory remit of self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985). This theory postulates that different forms of motivation exist; autonomous regulation refers to all volition which originates from genuine internal desires, as opposed to controlled regulation in which the source of the impetus to act is external. In terms of engagement at work, autonomous regulation is desirable, as it results in greater initiative and productivity at a task. According to Meyer and Gagne (2008), who explored the underlying psychological mechanisms of autonomous regulation in the workplace, the key lies in satisfying basic psychological needs for competency, autonomy and relatedness. Performance management systems are likely to be a part of building the work environment which successfully cultivates these feelings in employees; giving them a sense that their needs have been met. Although of course there is certainly more involved in determining the extent to which employees are personally involved in their work than need satisfaction. Intervening factors are likely to include employee personal circumstances and the current economic climate. Performance management For the purposes of this study, the definition of performance management shall be the degree to which intervention by the business occurs to ensure recognition of above average performance, and involvement with offering incentives for increased productivity and work ethic. All other variables listed above which have been identified as causal antecedents of engagement will be considered as confounding variables in this study, and will be controlled for as far as possible. According to Roberts (2001), performance management involves the setting of objectives, the use of appraisal systems, reward strategies, training and feedback. This is a definition that can be more easily operationalized as the components are clearly divided which will make development of measurement scales for each subset simpler. Therefore these are the components that shall be measured as the independent variable in this study to make up performance management. Theoretical context for performance management Performance management affects employee perceptions and attitudes, which subsequently affect performance (Hartog, Boselie and Paauwe, 2004). This fits in with the theoretical framework which places employee engagement as reflecting attitudes and the meaning ascribed to job roles. It is therefore logical to expect that higher levels of implementation of performance management strategies would be significantly related to employee engagement. Although this theoretical framework does not leave much room for the inclusion of the position individual employees ascribe to their jobs in their lives. It is relatively simplistic in terms of modelling the expected effects, and there are likely to be confounding variables. Intervening variables Research has uncovered some general factors which contribute in various magnitudes to the level of employee engagement. Job characteristics (van der Broeck, Vansteenkiste, de Witte and Lens, 2008) perceived organisational support (including leadership), procedural justice, learning and training opportunities and performance management strategies (including rewards and recognition management) are all important in predicting the level of engagement an employee is likely to exhibit (Saks, 2006). This study will address one aspect of the bigger research question then; the explanatory power of performance management over employee engagement will be established. The issue will require further research to account for other possible influences on engagement, and potential interaction effects between independent variables. The originality of this study then lies in the examination of a relatively newly recognised concept (employee engagement) and shedding light on the specific relationship it has with performance management strategies, independent of other influences. Methodology This section will describe the proposed method of examining the experimental hypothesis, including how data will be gathered, what will be measured, and how the data will be analysed. Design and procedure Since the sample is limited to one business many confounding variables such as differing job demands and organisational structure can be eliminated. The samples will be taken from historical data, from employees working within a business with relatively low levels of performance management compared to similar organisations. The business under study will have to be one which has at some point implemented a new, more involved performance management strategy; this is how the independent variable will be manipulated. Both levels of employee engagement and performance management will be measured before the implementation of the new performance management strategy to serve as the control data. After the new strategy has been imposed and levels of performance management have increased in the business, the independent and dependent variable will be measured again, and this data will serve as the experimental condition. To establish the persistence over time of any significant differences in the dependent variable found to result from the change in performance management strategy, three samples will be taken at six month intervals after the implementation of the new strategy. If there is any initial difference in employee engagement between the samples immediately before and after the new strategy comes into for ce, the subsequent samples taken after the strategy has been present for some time will tell us about the long term effects of increasing performance management, otherwise the possibility remains that any effects are merely short term and fade when employees become accustomed to the new system. This will therefore be a repeated measures design. The rates of employee engagement will be compared between temporally differing samples, which will determine if changing levels of performance management alone were sufficient to affect a change in engagement, and how any effects persist, weaken, or strengthen with time. Participants Data will be gathered from secondary sources extant in the literature. The ratings of employee engagement and performance management strategies will be gathered from employees and managers working within the same business. Model specification The model we have to test (based on prior research in the area) places employee engagement as dependent in part on performance management. An a priori power analysis will be conducted on previous studies examining employee engagement to determine the expected effect size. Operationalisation of variables Performance management will be defined as the number of rewards and punishments handed out by senior management, the amount of time employees spend in training, and how often employees are appraised. Employee engagement will be measured with subjective rating scales and peer ratings. Analysis Statistical analysis of this data would include one-way analysis of variance. First performance management would be measured in each group to ensure that in reality there was a change due to the implementation of the new strategy. Then the degree of variability in engagement can be examined between conditions. The relative impact of increasing performance management can be examined in the short and long term, which could help in our theoretical understanding of the psychological underpinnings of any effects observed; if the effects change over time, this will provide clues for future research to investigate, and give use evidence to speculate further on why the change took place. This method of statistical analysis will allow for simple comparisons between control and experimental groups, and for different levels of the experimental condition, in this case the amount of time elapsed after the implementation of the new strategy. Limitations Since the data will all be gathered from the same business, many confounding variables will remain constant between groups, however this means the findings may be less applicable to other business contexts. There is also the fact that a substantial time will have passed between conditions, meaning there may have been other changes other than the independent variable under study, which could confound the results. All other pertinent factors will be investigated and accounted for in the final report to ensure they remain as consistent as possible. It is also essential to recognise the fact that different individuals harbouring different internal traits and psychological dispositions will be motivated to engage in their workplace by different factors which are meaningful to them personally. This is especially true between individuals with radically differing job characteristics and duties since they are likely to have different expectations of their job, and view their relationship to their job role differently. However the influences on engagement cited here have been shown to be generally applicable despite differing job roles. Psychological factors of unique individuals may also play a role in shaping how well specific employees fit into their job role. May, Gilson and Harter (2004) found that perceived meaningfulness of job role, perceived safety at work (including co-worker relations and perceived job security) and availability of psychological resources relevant to job demands are all positively correlated with employee engagement. Such factors may be positively influenced directly by effective performance management but are otherwise outside the scope of this study. The fact that different employees are likely to have been used between conditions (due to the time elapsed) could also pose a problem due to their potential to have very different opinions, experiences and traits relevant to their work life which could influence employee engagement. Limitations include the fact that not all influences on the outcome variable have possibly been considered in the analysis, although there are good theoretical grounds for including the variables that are present. There is likely a myriad of intervening factors affecting how much employees engage at work, but focusing on ones that are immediately under the control of the business administrators and relatively logistically sound to implement makes the most sense as a starting point for this line of research. References Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B. (2008) Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 147-154 Den Hartog, D. N., Boselie, P. and Paauwe, J. (2004) Performance management: a model and research agenda. Applied psychology, 53(4), 556-569 Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L. and Hayes, T. L. (2002) Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268 Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L. and Keyes, C. L. (2003) Well-being in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup studies. Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived, 2, 205-224 Kahn, W. A. (1990) Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724 Macey, W. H. and Schneider, B. (2008) The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organisational Psychology, 1, 3-30 May, D. R., Gilson, R. L. and Harter, L. M. (2004) The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37 Meyer, J. P. and Gagne, M. (2008) Employee engagement from a self-determination theory perspective. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 60-62 Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A. and Crawford, E. R. (2010) Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academic Management Journal, 53(3), 617-635 Roberts, I. (2001) Reward and performance management. Human resource management: A contemporary approach, 3, 506-558 Saks, A. M. (2006) Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement.Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619 Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H. and Lens, W. (2008) Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction. Work Stress,22(3), 277-294 How to cite The effect of performance management systems on employee engagement, Essay examples

Pedro P�ramo and The House of the Spirits Essay Example For Students

Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo and The House of the Spirits Essay How the novels Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo by Juan Rulfo and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende expose the systems of control embedded in Catholicism Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo and The House of the Spirits both contain many references to Christianity, and make many statements about the systems of control instituted by Catholicism. By using a towns priest as a symbol of religious control and leadership, Juan Rulfo and Isabel Allende have both exposed the ways that religion seeks to control its believers. One of the many ways religion seeks to control its followers is by instituting the idea of an afterlife which is only obtainable if during ones current life you follow the religions edicts to the letter. Also, monetary requirements as well as simply confessing your most guarded secrets to the Church further place the institution at the center of ones life. Both authors use the priests in conjunction with religious practices as ways to expose how Catholicism controls its adherents. In The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende, Father Restrepo, was blessed with a long, incriminating finger (2) which he used to point out those who has transgressed against the church. Since being singled out is a cause of public humiliation, to avoid this, one will do anything to appease Father Restrepo and thus, the Church. Furthermore, Nivea de Valle who was an ardent modernist wished for women to have the right to vote, but was chastised by her priests words of, putting women on an equal footing with men- this is in open defiance to the law of G-d (3). Catholicism uses tradition to justify its treatment and to control its believers. Though many believed that marshal punishment is cruel, under the masquerade of religion it is tolerable, he himself was a firm believer in the value of a good thrashing to vanquish the weaknesses of the soul (2). Christianity uses religious tradition and the word of G-d in addition to implementing physical abuse as systems of control to those who w orship under its belief system. Apart from controlling actions, Catholicism seeks to control time itself. The day is referred to as, Holy Thursday (1) a link to Christian events which are times when religious adherents flock to their place of worship to do as the Church officials have previously dictated. Even to those who have no religious beliefs what so ever, such as Severo del Valle, the church is needed to accomplish aims in life, such as his desire to gain political office. Severo del Valle was an atheist and a Mason, but he had political ambitions and could not allow himself the luxury of missing the most heavily attended mass on Sundays and feast days when everyone would have a chance to see him (3). While Catholicism directly controls some through decrees and tradition, others are controlled indirectly by religious ideals. Ferula sacrificed the freedom of life to be a religious devotee and to care for the less fortunate. She took pleasure in humiliation and in menial tasks, and since she believed that she would get into heaven by suffering terrible injustice, she was content to clean (42). Ferulas whole youth and freedom was controlled by religious ideals of the meek inheriting the earth and the promise of a better afterlife. The Catholic Church attempts to be present in all aspects of daily life by controlling the passage of time as well as what believers are allowed to do. Catholicism uses many traditional, in addition to social institutions to control society. Death is a large part of Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo by Juan Rulfo, since much of the novel deals with how you can leave purgatory and enter heaven. Comala is purgatory as well as hell in this novel, up- and downhill we went, but always descending. We had left the hot wind behind and were sinking into a pure, airless heat (5). The setting shows that this town is the embodiment of what occurs if one does not obey the churchs decrees. Juan Rulfo crafted a world plagued with the results of being controlled by the Catholic way of life in Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo. Even in death, if one was deemed unworthy to enter heaven by the church, no amount of prayer can possibly lead to their salvation, No, I wont give my blessing. G-d will not smile on me if I intercede for him (25). Religious rights which can only be given by the priest must be purchased at great cost since the Church as a governing and religious institution needs money to survive. If one sins or even conversely leads a perfectly moral life they are still restricted by monetary means in their access to the kingdom of heaven. Furthermore, one must confess their sins to the church in order to be spiritually pure, though this practice does more to give the Church and ear in everyones personal life then to give the confessor spiritual cleanliness. .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e , .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .postImageUrl , .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e , .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:hover , .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:visited , .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:active { border:0!important; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:active , .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4fa2babf392786107562edf272a2bb9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Sirens comparison of Homer?s ?Odyessy? and Marga EssayWhat do you think I should do with you, Dorotea? You be the judge. Can you pardon what you have done? I cant, padre. But you can. That is why Im here (74). Father Renteria recognizes that by saying she is forgiven nothing is really accomplished which is why he asks is she can forgive herself. This practice simply lets the Church know what is going on and is another way to control since knowledge is power. The Priest acknowledges his inability to show or even grant her the ability to enter heaven and escape purgatory, Well, you wont go to heaven now. May G-d forgive you (74). Since the members of this town were never g ranted absolution because they were unable to meet the churchs demands, including how one should live their life or how much you should pay the church, they were all left to suffer eternally in Comala. The rich were cruel and the poor were saints in Juan Rulfos novel, but no one was able to satisfy the insatiable hunger for human lives that the church possesses. Even in death, the church sought to control Christians by letting their story repeat for eternity. Since everyone in Comala was sentenced to spend eternity in purgatory, no one was able to save the others. Being that no single person could follow the churchs expectations to the letter, no one was able to reach the promised reward of heaven in the novel. The Church only was able to control the lives of its adherents and was unable to fulfill its promise of granting an afterlife in heaven. The House of the Spirits as well as Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo illustrate worlds where Catholicism dictates the pace and activities of life. In The House of the Spirits, nonbelievers and believers alike are drawn to the church to either fulfill spiritual obligations or to simply not be ostracized by the community. The church was the controller of time itself as well as how people interacted because if you fell on Father Restrepos bad will, you would be excommunicated and be a social outcast. Similarly in Pedro Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ramo, the supposed result of not adhering to the principles of Catholicism was an eternity in purgatory. If you were rich but cruel you could not fulfill the commandments of being righteous, but if you are poor and law abiding, you would then be unable to afford the cost of church rites. Since it was impossible to obey every rule the Church would decree, you were at its mercy hoping you would be afforded salvation. Ones existence is wrapped up in pleasing the church a nd bending to its will hoping you would be given the chance to enter heaven. The priests, who served as the religious proxies of the church, expose how both novels illustrate the systems of control embedded in and perpetuated by Catholicism.

What advice would you give the actors Essay Example For Students

What advice would you give the actors? Essay Look at the way Shakespeare presents conflict in a scene from Romeo and Juliet. Imagine you are directing this scene. What advice would you give the actors? This essay is about the presentation of conflict in scene one of act three in Romeo and Juliet. By the end of this piece of work I intend to be able to direct the scene. I will therefore have to include descriptions of dramatic devices and language. I will discuss character motivation, along with social and historical context. This scene is about the conflict between Tybalt and Mercutio and later the fight between Romeo and Tybalt. The scene is dominated by the deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt. The scene starts calm, heating quickly to boiling point, and then returns to a melancholy anti-climax as Benvolio tells of his Montague cousins crime against the Capulets, and the Capulet Tybalts crime against Prince Escalus cousin. We will write a custom essay on What advice would you give the actors? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This scene is greatly influenced by the actions of the characters in earlier scenes, which also reflects character motivation. Tybalt wants revenge for the Montague invasion of his uncles party, reflecting his antagonist character, and his fierce hatred for all Montagues. Romeo refuses to fight with Tybalt to start with, as he is married to Juliet- Tybalts cousin- but after Mercutio, Romeos close friend is killed by Tybalt; he acts quickly and in hot blood, killing Tybalt in a fit of grievous passion. The language that Mercutio and Benvolio use at the start of the scene is filled with similes and comparisons. The two men joke with each other, using examples to show how one is more willing to argue than the other. Thou wilt quarrel with a man for cracking nuts, for no other reason than thou hast hazel eyes This quote states obviously that the person in question has an antagonist character. Benvolio says how the mad blood is stirring meaning that the feud has made everyone go mad and seek fights where there need be none, and ominously predicts Mercutios death by saying that he could buy legal ownership of his life, but only for an hour and a half. Later as the feelings turn to anger, Mercutio stirs things up and deliberately picks a fight with Tybalt. Benvolio asks the men calmly to either depart, go into a private place to show their anger, or to calmly talk out their problems, because he knows that their Prince will execute them if they start a brawl again. This language is unusua lly calm in a scene filled with anger, pride and hatred. The social context of the scene is the fact that the two families are feuding, along with the disapproval of their Prince and society as a whole. It would be very difficult to change this without changing the plot of the scene or the major details of the entire play. For example, if you were to change the disapproval of Prince Escalus then he would not have exiled Romeo from Verona, Juliet would run away with him; not take the potion making her seem dead and their premature deaths along with Paris could have been averted. The historical context of the scene is its original setting in Verona during the renaissance period. This was a period of artistic revolution, and ideas about the surrounding world were changing. It was a time when the gap between the extravagant rich upper class and the poverty stricken poor was huge. Shakespeare will have seen both classes, performing for the Queen at court and playing at the theatres in London, and these must have influenced him greatly. It is infinitely possible that Shakespeare assumed that Verona was largely like London and so emphasised this difference as he saw it in London. The context that the scene could be played in (NOT WRITTEN IN) means that the language used and the actions made by the actors would have to be changed. .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac , .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .postImageUrl , .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac , .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:hover , .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:visited , .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:active { border:0!important; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:active , .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u427addd4aa288916170f58ba3bb729ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Realistic drama EssayHaving said that changing the historical context would mean changing several elements- costume, scenery, and in some cases language- it would not be difficult to change the setting whilst retaining the original language used. It is tempting to change everything in the scene including the language. If I was directing the scene for a modern audience I would be sorely tried to do so; however I feel that some of the poetic beauty of the scene would be lost if it was translated from Shakespearean to Modern English. For this reason I would make the costumes and settings twentieth century versions, and would set the play in gangland Chicago. I would not howev er cut anything from the scene, or otherwise change the vocal parts of any of the characters.

Aspects of Psychology

Aspects of Psychology Introduction Psychological research is conducted using a range of scientific methods which depends on the kind of data to be collected. The data for psychological studies can either be qualitative or quantitative data and is analyzed to explain a given psychological phenomena.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects of Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The psychological research methods that are commonly used are case study, naturalistic observation, correlation research, survey research, and experimental method. Experimental and correlational studies are the two scientific methods of psychological study which are explored in this essay. Experimental Psychology Experimental method of psychology involves the study of behavior in a controlled environment. This method establishes the cause and effect relationship of different variables and uses the results to predicts a given phenomena. The researcher identifi es the dependent and independent variables of an experiment then control the dependent variables and make observations (Sharma Sharma, 2006, pp. 1-2). This method is based on scientific observations which are factual, universal, and can give reproducible results to establish cause-effect relationships which are important in psychological predictions. Wilhelm Wundt, the first experimental psychologist established psychological laboratory to determine aspects of sensation in terms of stimulus, response and time in relation to the mind. Experimental psychology has expanded into areas such as psycho-physics, animal psychology, learning psychology, industrial psychology, education psychology and clinical psychology. The limitations of experimental psychology are difficult to ascertain all variables, limited in application to subjects, depends on the attitude and cooperation of the subject (Sharma Sharma, 2006, pp. 2-7). Correlational studies Correlational studies is a statistical metho d used in psychological research to determine the relationship between a given variables of a study but cannot show cause-effect relationship. It is a quantitative method of research used to correlate two or more quantitative variables in order to determine if there is any relationship (Waters, para. 1). Statistical formula is used to determine type and degree of correlation which can be a positive correlation, a negative correlation or no correlation (Cherry, 2010, para. 1). Correlational studies can be carried out in three ways; observational, surveying or archival research and the data obtained are analyzed graphically to show correlation. The limitations of correlational studies are that they can only show the relationships of variables but cannot tell which variable affect another, that is cause-effect relationship and also other variables can mask or magnify the true relationship.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion Experimental and correlational psychologies are similar since both methods deal with qualitative and quantitative data in their research, analysis and in their explanation of psychological phenomena. Their methods of research are scientific, factual and quantifiable. The major differences lie in their results. While experimental psychology shows cause-effect relationships, a correlational study determines whether variables have positive, negative or no correlation. Experimental psychology relies heavily on the observations which are made under controlled conditions hence limiting the study using all subjects because it is virtually impossible to simulate all the natural variables in the laboratory. On the other hand, correlative studies deals with the analysis of quantitative data and derive the possible relationships which has no cause-effect relationship. Combination of the two research methods gives reliable scientific resu lts because correlation studies shows how variables correlate while the experimental study differentiates between dependent and independent variables hence gives cause-effect relationship. Reference List Cherry, K. (2010). Correlational Studies. Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/correlational-research-2795774 Sharma, R.N., Sharma, R. (2003). Experimental Psychology. (pp. 1-8). New Dehli: Atlantic Pub. Web. Waters, J. (2010). Correlational Studies. About Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.capilanou.ca/

21st Century Trends in Human Health

21st Century Trends in Human Health Human Health in the 21st Century: Global Trends, Developments and Challenges Ntsebo Immaculate Molapo Introduction The twentieth century saw the introduction of many antimicrobials and antibiotics which have been efficient in reducing the mortality rate from 797 deaths per 100000 people in 1900 to 36 per 100000 in 1980 (Arsmtrong, et al., 1999). Although there is a decline in the twentieth century, there are some sharp spikes in mortality in 1918 which was due to the influenza epidemic. Industrial progress during the second half of twentieth century, with the inherent socio-economic changes, has possibly been the driver to improve hygiene and health in Western countries, notably decreasing poverty-related morbidity and mortality. The health population as a sustainable condition requires protection continuing to ensure (Lastovica & Skirrow, 2000): Environmental clean air, clean water, adequate food, tolerable temperatures, stable climate, and high levels of biodiversity. But econ omic development also presents excessive backfire secondary to massive industrialization that generates a global deterioration of environmental conditions, with negative impact on human health (Nachamkin, Szymanski & Blaser, 2008). The results numerous scientific studies suggest that human activities, mainly the massive use of fuels fossils, have modified the natural composition of air. Air pollution from greenhouse gases produces a surface heating land beyond the natural variability of the climate system, conditioning the so called climate change (Graham et al 1987). Food and Water borne Diseases The bacteria â€Å"Campylobacter† is the second cause of most frequently reported food borne illness. A comprehensive approach to food safety from farm to table is needed to reduce Campylobacteriosis (Graham et al 1987). Farmers, industry, and food inspectors, food vendors, workers in food service and consumers are each critical link in the chain of food safety. This document answer s common questions about Campylobacter, describes how the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is attending the problem of contamination of meat and poultry products with Campylobacter and offers guidelines for food handling to prevent bacteria like Campylobacter cause disease (Marshall et al 1985). Salmonella is also a bacterium which is widespread in the intestines of birds, reptiles and mammals (Marshall et al 1985). It can spread to humans through a variety of different foods of animal origin. The disease causing â€Å"Salmonellosis† include fever, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. In people with impaired immune systems underlying health or weakened, it can invade the bloodstream and cause infections that endanger life (Friedman, 2000). E. coli O157: H7 is bacterial pathogen that has a reservoir in cattle and other similar animals. The human disease occurs after consumption of food or water that has been contaminate d with microscopic amounts of cow faeces, causing, often a severe and bloody diarrhoea and cramps painful abdominal, without much fever. In 3% to 5% of cases, you may receive a complication called haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) several weeks after the initial symptoms. This severe complication includes temporary anaemia, heavy bleeding and kidney failure (Friedman, 2000). Campylobacter: Sources of disease and risk factors Sources and incidence of disease differ, sometimes greatly, between developed and developing countries. Transmission from person to person is considered rare in developed countries. By contrast, in developing countries human carriers may have a greater role in the transmission of infection function. In general, it is thought that chickens, poultry and other foods are the most likely sources of infection in developed countries. Number of cases notified beings Human per 100 000 inhabitants caused by Campylobacter jejuni / coli. The data presented are the data avail able to the drafting group until June 2006 (Blaser et al 2008).

Executive Briefing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Executive Briefing Paper - Essay Example A mentor can be one of employees with vast experience (in-house) or might hire a professional hired from outside the company (external) to provide guidance to employees of an organization (Lord, Atkinson, and Mitchell 2008, 16-17). Regardless of the type of mentor used, both act as role models to the employees of an organization by providing them with professional advice and guidance through which they can improve in their line of work. Research indicates that the mentorship in an organization has many benefits attached to it, which is why many organizations are eager at developing the culture. Costa Coffee is one of the U.K. companies that may benefit greatly by adopting such a culture following its number of employees who require more training for the ever-expanding business outlets that offer more challenging environment which require a high level of professionalism. This paper is an executive briefing to the management of Costa Coffee on the benefits likely to accrue to the company by adopting a mentoring culture. As earlier stated, many companies are making moves towards developing a mentoring culture within the organization. This company does so because they have realized the numerous benefits that are attached to mentoring culture according to Spencer (1999, p.8-10). Firstly, mentoring is beneficial since it is a cost effective means of training many employees so as to improve their experience. This is particularly beneficial for Costa Coffee, which has many employees spread from different stores that may require more training so as to improve them professionally (Dana 2010, p.8). The method is cost effective in the Costa Coffee will not have to send its employees for a seminar or training workshop to get training. Instead, the company can have the option of choosing a mentor from within who may be an employee with a wealth of experience in line with the area that requires more training (Lord, Atkinson, and Mitchell 2008, 16-17). Alternatively, Costa

Persuasive memo on Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasive memo on Internet - Essay Example A modified and lenient regulation on Internet use can prove to be useful in more than one ways for our organization. First of all, it will provide the employees with the much needed incentive to persevere even more for the accomplishment of the company’s goals. Secondly, it is often observed that employees tend to retard during breaks and lunch periods; however, if such a regulation is passed, then it will act as a catalyst in energizing employees and boosting their motivation levels during breaks. The permission to interact with their friends and family members on social networking websites, surf news or watch highlights of a soccer game, can all prove to be key drivers in bringing out enhanced performance from the employees. Moreover, through internet use in breaks, employees can share information with each other, which would develop a knowledge-based culture in our organization. Consequently, a regulation to allow internet use during breaks and lunch periods would ultimately benefit both the employees and the

Red Lake High School Shooting Essay Example for Free

Red Lake High School Shooting Essay Jeffrey James Jeff Weise was an Ojibwe Native American adolescent, and a student at Red Lake Senior High School in Red Lake, Minnesota. He killed nine people and wounded five others in a shooting spree on March 21, 2005, when he was just 16 years old. Weise first murdered his grandfather and grandfathers girlfriend at his trailer home in Red Lake. He then shot and killed an unarmed security guard, a teacher and five students at Red Lake Senior High School. The shooting ended when Weise committed suicide. Research shows that Jeff was a strange young man, interested in Gothic things black clothing and Nazism, but a look a little further into his past led to a few interesting revelations. Jeff’s parents were never married, because his mother was only 17 when she gave birth. She was forced to give Jeff to his father when he was three months old. Then when he was two his mother took him back. She was reportedly an abusive alcoholic with a tendency to both physically and emotionally abuse her first born son. In 1997 Jeff’s father committed suicide after a two day standoff with police. Then in 1999 his mother suffered brain damage after a car accident in which she had been drinking and driving. Jeff was then placed in the care of his grandmother at the Red Lake Reservation. Jeff did not have the right start in life. His parents should have been older and more ready for a child when he was born. They also should have been married. Jeff also should have had a more stable home life as an infant. It is doubtful that he had a firm attachment with his mother or father considering that he was passed between them at 3 months old and 2 years old. He also should not have been physically or emotionally abused. His mother failed him in that aspect and the fact that she was an alcoholic makes it even worse. It is also doubtful that Jeff dealt with his father’s suicide in a healthy way. He did not have the support that he should have had from his mother. By the time he got to his grandmother’s care he had already led a very difficult life. This ties in to every chapter that we have discussed so far. It refers to attachment, abuse, adolescence and everything. It all goes back to the first thing we talked about that said when parents fail to give their child a good start in life everybody suffers, as is the case with the families of Jeff’s victims.

The Problems of Anxiety Disorders :: Anxiety Disorders Psychiatry Health Essays

The Problems of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is a normal reaction to a threatening situation and results from an increase in the amount of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system. This increased adrenaline speeds the heart and respiration rate, raises blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles. These physical reactions are appropriate for escaping from danger but when they cause anxiety in many situations throughout the day, they may be detrimental to a normal lifestyle. An anxiety disorder is a disorder where feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety are disruptive or cause distortions in behavior, (Coon, 526); they are psychiatric illnesses that are not useful for normal functioning. At times, an underlying illness or disease can cause persistent anxiety. Treatment of the illness or disease will stop the anxiety. Anxiety illnesses affect more than 23 million Americans with about 10 million Americans suffering from the most common, general anxiety disorder . (Harvard, 1). Common anxiety disorders are panic attacks (panic disorder), phobias, and general anxiety disorder (GAD). Panic attacks Panic attacks can begin with a feeling of intense terror followed by physical symptoms of anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety with symptoms not related to any particular situation. (Hale, 1886). The person experiencing the attack may not be aware of the cause. Symptoms include four or more of the following: pounding heart, difficulty breathing, dizziness, chest pain, shaking, sweating, choking, nausea, depersonalization, numbness, fear of dying, flushes, fear of going crazy. Heredity, metabolic factors, hyperventilation, and psychological factors may contribute to anxiety causing panic attacks. (Hale, 1886) Panic disorder tends to run in families with first degree relatives of patients having four to seven times greater risk than the general population. Metabolically, the levels of three neurotransmitters, nor-epinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric aci d (GABA), and serotonin, may play a role in anxiety. These neurotransmitters act as signals between brain cells. Drugs that change the levels of these neurotransmitters are useful in the treatment of anxiety. Hyperventilation (rapid shallow breathing) can cause a decrease in carbon dioxide in the blood. This decrease in carbon dioxide has been associated with anxiety. Anxiety can be caused by psychological factors as well. One theory is that there is an unconscious conflict between certain wishes and desires, and guilt associated with these desires. Another theory is that certain fearful childhood situations provoke anxiety later. This later theory has been associated with agoraphobia in that the fear of being abandoned in the past may lead to fear of public places.

The Renaissance North And South

Southern Renaissance was more secular compared to the Northern. Northern focused solely on religion. Southern focused more on art, but did not disregard religion completely Southern Europeans during the Renaissance focused on art and religion, while the Northern Europeans created many institutions of higher learning, where they taught practical learning, science, and technology. The ‘Golden Age' as many call it, is believed to be the time in which Europe has finally started to enter the ‘Modern Age. The Southern Renaissance (in Italy) began during the 14th century while the Northern Renaissance is believed to have started during the 1 the century. The Renaissance has increased the popularity of works of art and other fields of stud including: architecture, literature, sciences, politics, and religion. There is quite a few differences between the Southern and Northern Renaissance, and it is also based on the concept of Humanism.Different artists from the south and the nort h have shown these differences in views in their works of art and their concepts in picturing the WA way person lives his or her life. The Northern part of Europe during those times was strongly attached to the teaching gas of Christianity. The church led power, and humanists pictured their society as being more close to God or nature as possible. The North held that Middle Ages belief far longer than their Southern counterpart, and that is also the reason why most of their works of art are about landscapes and the lifestyles of people.The Southern part of Europe (Italy to be more precise) has a very different outlook on how art should be viewed and appreciated. Their artists created paintings about Greg eek and Roman mythologies, about gods and goddesses, and they were always searching for something new and better to create. The colors that they also developed made the nettings seem alive but not in a sense where the painting is the only thing that a person can see. It's more like the viewer can see the object and let his imagination roam freely.The layout of the land might have also played a significant role on how the Renaissance took place in the Northern and Southern parts of Europe. Italy is a place were trade w abundant, and they were exposed to different cultures (Asians and the like). These GA them the option to develop and discover new things. Southerners think that religion I still important, but it is not the only priority that they should be focusing upon. Politic and other sciences were the things that people thought about during those days, and that also changed their way of living.Northerners, on the other hand, was not too exposed to these changes and still clung to their belief of Jesus Christ and the church. The Southern and Northern Renaissance might have a lot of differences, but they have one thing in common: They valued artwork. There even came a time when these artists met and shared their opinions WI the each other. These led to the cr eation of better works of art which are appreciated by t he world today. Summary: 1 .The Southern Renaissance began during the 14th century while the Northern Renaissance was believed to have started during the 16th century. 2. The Northern Part of Europe is strongly attached to Christianity and the church. 3. The Southern Part of Europe during the Renaissance is more focused on the improvement of different fields of science including literature, architecture, politics, a ND religion. 4. Artwork from the North are based on Humanism and Landscapes. 5. Artwork from the South are more about Classical Greek and Roman Mythologies.

Career Preference

Career is a job or occupation regarded as a long-term or lifelong activity, the general path or progress taken by somebody where he is trained in a particular occupation for his entire working life while preference is the selection of something rather than other choices, it’s the power to choose on what you desire or what is desirable in your part. Socio means society, human society is a best example to understand its meaning because you can understand easily what you observed on it.Socioeconomic is relating to or involving money or financial matters. The above mentioned are the factors affecting the students who aren’t able to finish Bachelor of Science in Criminology in its allotted duration in to finish it. The Bachelor of Science in Criminology or Criminal Justice is a 4-year college degree program intended for individuals who wishes to have a career in the fields of law enforcement, security administration, crime detection and prevention or correctional administrat ion.It aims to foster the values of leadership, integrity, accountability and responsibility while serving fellowmen, community and the country. BS Criminology does not require any special skills, except general skills for the course. Many students would classify the field of study as interesting and not too difficult at all but the course includes several intriguing subjects, even the Practicum is highly anticipated by the graduating students due to its social relevance.Practicum is a non-academic performance; it is performed outside the school, from the time the interns are turned over to the different agencies and offices particularly on PNP divisions and sections they are divided into groups and do the activities they were required to do. They will apply what they learned on the major subjects like when they’re are assigned on traffic section they will apply what they learned on traffic Management and Accident Scene Investigation a major subject of the course.On HPG unit they are lectured to acquire knowledge on patrolling techniques, on BJMP they will learn more about Jail Management and apply some of what lessons on Institutional Correction Administration also a major subject, on the other hand they are also assign on offices like in Mountain Province Police Provincial Office (MPPPO) and in Bontoc Municipal Police Station wherein they observe the jobs/works of officers assigned on offices. The group performs their duty 8 hours a day excluding weekends which is the requirement of the practicum.After accomplishing all the above mentions the graduating students can apply for graduation. Our country suffers from multicrisis such as socioeconomic and financial crisis which is greatly affected by global economic crisis, despite of all this crises, Filipinos are imaginative, creative and courageous to surpass these obstacles of everyday life. Every one of us has a great responsibility lies on our acquired knowledge and skills when we engage into a job an d acted as one of the enforcement in industry that would further improved the depleting economy of the country.All of these come first from wishes and aspirations that arises during childhood years that someday we will become a professional to ascend into poverty. This factors that serves as preference of student in choosing a career in college includes childhood aspiration, family and relatives, peers or friends an anticipated problems they encounter are presumed to affect the student preference of their career. Career preparedness will help the student become more effective and successful in life with his chosen job but there is an external factor such socioeconomic status which changes their aspiration in life.Such when a student wants to become a law enforcer which he always dreamed to be but because of his family’s economic status he has to change his aspiration and take another course, his interest get less concentrated because it’s not suitable for him. Some gra duated high school students gradually stop in pursuing their college career because they lack money, financial sustainability plays a major role in alterations of career life. Some students need to work in order to sustain their studies, as well to help their family about expenses.Another prime factor is attitude, the personal view of something, opinion or general feeling about something which either promote or demote academic performances among students, for example a student says, â€Å"I study hard on examinations but I don’t try hard during quizzes, I cheat on my notes during quizzes in order to get a passing grade â€Å", clearly a bad attitude that a student has already practiced to do which when he don’t do the same in some times he will fail other activity. Attitude plays a major role in attaining ones aspirations because it affects our performances. Review of LiteratureAccording to Webster, career preference is free opportunity to select a desired career. It is also a decision-making in a confusing situation which occurs during the senior year (3rd and 4th) of high school level. According to Tiedeman, career development unfolds within general process of cognitive development as one resolves ego- relevant crisis. He cited the factors in choosing a career e. g. , when one is confused in choosing a career, he relies on his friends and relatives, he was confused in the sense that he cannot make his own decision because he’s not yet ready to get into a college.External factor such as parents’ choice of what course their child to study, this affect s the child’s interest to study, they may go to school but it’s for compliance because they are not interested on the course they are studying. He further noted out that decision-making is a continuous process in which individuals will change their courses of career action, generally by leaving an environment such as when a student is dis-oriented in his course he have been taking that will result in decreasing eagerness on that particular field.He decides to transfer in another school or to shift another course that he thinks it will fits his own interest. Another is, when one is unstable in making decision, these dis oriented strategy may be repeated until he achieve a bachelor’ degree but it took a long time which is supposed to achieve in four years. Based on Ap- apaway (Official Student Publication of MPSPC Main Campus) Bachelor of Science in Criminology in MPSPC Bontoc campus, the course has the highest population in the institution highest number of enrollees contributing 37.63 percentage of the total population of the institution, a total of 1,519 criminology students.The department has increased its population by 8. 29% from 1,393 of the previous semester SY 2013-2014 and being the highest number of enrollees it has also the highest number of graduates during graduation, even on October, end month of the first semester there are no t less than 100 students who take their practicum, termed as criminology internship. According to its population it is the most preferred course of student of the Mountain Province and other nearby province who came to study here.As mandated by CHED (CMO no. 37 series of 2010) normally the course takes 4 years to complete. On the job training/ internship takes 1 semester or 540 hours. Graduating students are required to take practicum for 1 semester on the fourth year of the program. It is designed to provide practical experience for graduating students to work on the five pillars of the criminal justice system. During these periods, the students taking practicum are allowed to observe and assist, but not to perform actual operations that may compromise their safety.Conceptual Framework This study researches on the three basic factors that affect the students who aren’t able to finish the four years duration of the course. Career preference as previously explained is one majo r factor which affects the performance of the student, the selection of course to study rather than other course, the students should enroll the course they prefer because they are the only one which is aware of their capabilities and what profession they want to have in the future as their life-long activity.Some students choose to enroll the course because they are interested but they are not good in performing the activities and requirements of some subjects of the course, which will affect the students’ interest to continue their study. Some students thought criminology is very interesting but as they start to study they found out the hardship of some subjects and they will tend to drop the subject and enroll it to the next semester or summer which will make the time of studying longer.Economically, parents tends to let their child to stop studying for a while or let them shift into another course if they came into a point that they no longer afford to pay the course†™ fees. In the other hand, attitude of the student a prime factor on the cause of not finishing the course in the allotted duration, it affects how the students behaves and perform required activities. In this study it conceptualized that the student can overcome the factors affecting the problem. The college needs effective, competent and full time instructors that can balance the applications of some subjects.The course can be understood more if we have adequate facilities and equipment in the institution, especially in our department it must require that all faculty members be actively involved in criminology research in their respective field of interest in order to deliver enriched learning through their practice. Statement of the Problem This study aims to help criminology students to finish the study on the allotted duration of the course. Specifically the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What are the possible actions of the students that they can do that m ay lessen the effects of the factors affecting the problem?1. 1 Can the students avoid the factors affecting the problem? 2. Scope and delimitation of the study Importance of the study Operational definitions of terms Career-a job or occupation regarded as a long-term or lifelong activity, the general path or progress taken by somebody where he is trained in a particular occupation in preparing for his entire working life. Preference- the selection of something rather than other choices, it’s the power to choose on what you desire or what is desirable in your part. Socioeconomic- relating to or involving economic and social factors

The Womans Role in Politics essays

The Womans Role in Politics essays I believe that the womans role in politics is changing. More women are playing roles in politics, a profession historically restricted to only men. There are more women in high-level government offices than ever before. Ohio is leading the country in its promotion of female political figures. I believe it will continue to be more commonplace to see women in politics, just as it has become less of a surprise to see women at the forefront of other professions that were previously male dominated. Currently women hold 73 of the 535 Congressional seats, a number that equates to 13.6%. This number may seem low State legislatures in the United States have a female proportion of 22.4%. In 2002, women held 27.7%, or 89, of the statewide elected executive offices. The numbers dont slant to the right or to the left. Of the 89 women, 44 are Democrats, 41 are Republican, and four do not associate with either party. The female influence in politics is not an issue that hits far from home. In the state of Ohio, Republican women have made their presence felt. Martha Moore serves as the Vice Chairman of the Ohio Republican Party and she is currently the longest-serving member of the Republican National Committee. Ohio is also proud to be represented by Congresswoman Deborah Price, Lieutenant Governor Maureen OConnor, Supreme Court Justice Evelyn Stratton, and various Columbus city councilwomen. Some analysts believe that gender influences policy attitudes. One method to measure the certainty of this statement is to evaluate the number of women that have led their country. One limit on the ability to be certain about this issue is the fact that relatively few women have led their country. The number is relatively low, but it continues to grow. The number of women that led their respective country in the 1950s was merely four, but that number increased to 11 through the 1970 ...

Ms. Kayte Clark, the Vice President for Danskin Inc Case Study

Ms. Kayte Clark, the Vice President for Danskin Inc - Case Study Example However, she is legally blind and her disability issues seem to have grown in the company over the years since she could not be promoted to a higher position by virtue of her blindness. To a greater extent, the decision she makes can be regarded as a scapegoat to get rid of her since there is enough evidence to show that she is no longer liked in the company. As such, this essay seeks to critically evaluate the law that applies federally under Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) as well as ERISA. The essay also seeks to outline the elements she must prove for a prima facie case in each area in question. Ms. Clark is now 53 years which entails that she is protected by the ADEA which stipulates that employees over 40 years must not be discriminated against with regards to aspects such as promotion, employment termination as well as benefits. Under this legislation, the employees are entitled to get their benefits regardless of their age or other physical attributes. The employe e’s prima facie case treatment is that of disparate treatment. In this case, there is every reason for Ms. Clark to prove age discrimination on the basis of disparate treatment through the use of Title VII case set in McDonnell Douglas Corp v. Green which was adopted in the ADEA. According to the provisions of 20 U.S.C ? 623, the employee must prove the four elements going to be discussed below in a bid to persuade the court that she can lay a claim for age discrimination as provided by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (Moram, 492). First and foremost, the employee must prove that she is a member of the protected class. In order to satisfy the requirement for this prima facie case, there is need for the employee to prove that she is over 40 years old. As noted in the case, Ms. Clark is 53 which means that she satisfies this requirement. Conditions surrounding the termination of her employment posit to the effect that she has not been treated fairly given that a lenien t or lighter decision could have been taken. As seen in the case study, there are other factors such as her disability which have contributed to the kind of treatment she is exposed to in the organisation. In the spirit of fairness, the decision she makes does not warranty termination of employment but she could have been reprimanded only whereby an agreement will be reached between the parties concerned. Secondly, Ms. Clark should prove that the decision made by the employer has adversely affected her employment. Termination of employment means that she is rendered jobless as a result of the decision by the employer to fire her due to the fact that she allows the union representatives to the company. According to her, the law stipulates that decisions can be made regarding such actions though the Board of Directors disagreed with her. In other words, it can be noted that they have another vendetta against her which is not directly related to decision she made which is considered as poor judgment. The glaring truth is that Ms. Clark’s blindness is a cause for concern hence spirited efforts are made to fire her from the company. Under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, no employer is allowed to ill treat an employee on the basis of her physical attributes. The unprecedented decision by the employer has negatively impacted on Ms. Clark welfare hence she is liable to claim for damages or to be reinstated to her position with full benefits. The third requirement suggests that the employee must prove that he or she is qualified for the position. A close analysis of the case shows that Ms. Clark has good looks and enthusiasm for the

Public Safety and Privacy Analysis Research Paper

Public Safety and Privacy Analysis - Research Paper Example cumstances, which justify the actions of law enforcement officers to enter a house without a warrant as demonstrated in the case discussed in this paper. Law enforcement officers answered a disturbance call near Allen Road in Brownstown, Michigan. Officer Christopher Goolsby later bore witness that, as he and his colleague drew near the area, a couple directed them to a house, in which they narrated that a man â€Å"was going crazy.†The officers proceeded to the residence and discovered the household in complete chaos; this could be manifested by damaged property and traces of blood on the hood of a pick-up truck with a smashed front. Through the window, the police officers could catch a glimpse of Jeremy Fisher inside the house, shouting and tossing objects around. When the law enforcement officers knocked at the door, Jeremy Fisher declined to answer. The officers noticed that Fisher had a cut on his hand; however, the defendant disregarded inquiries concerning whether he needed medical attention. Instead, Fisher demanded that the police officers go and obtain a search warrant (Acker & Brody, 2012). Through the window of the opened door, Officer Goolsby could see Fisher aiming a gun in his direction, which compelled him to retract. Eventually, the officers managed to overpower fisher and secure the premises. Jeremy Fisher was arraigned in court under Michigan law and charged with assault with a lethal weapon, and being in possession of a firearm amid the commission of an offence. The trial court awarded Fisher’s motion to suppress the evidence, concurring with him that the confiscation of the gun contravened of his Fourth Amendment rights (Acker & Malatesta, 2012). The Michigan Court of Appeals sustained the argument (over a dissent by Judge Talbot) that the warrantless intrusion into defendant’s house breached Fisher’s Fourth Amendment rights as the circumstance â€Å"did not match to the point of an emergency validating the warrantless invasion.† The

Rita and Sue Escaping Constraints of Class and Gender Backgrounds Essay

Rita and Sue Escaping Constraints of Class and Gender Backgrounds - Essay Example As the paper outlines the next scene is Sue and Rita going to Bob’s house to baby-sit. Also early in the firm, Sue works for a taxi company where she meets Aslam. Again these depict the feminine response to the changing economic and social circumstances of the period. Instead of females staying at home and males going out to work, Rita and Sue are escaping the traditional gender expectation that they assume domestic roles. In another scene, Sue derides Aslam. She first insinuates that being Pakki or Asian is beneath her class, and then makes up her mind that since Aslam is a man he’d probably be no different from all other men, which passes judgment on the growing emasculation of the males of her time. The use of profanity throughout the film is another form of escape. Vulgar language is freely used by males and females alike. For the females, use of such language is gender freedom from previous eras when men silence women. The girls’ sauciness is also a form of rebellion against conformity, an underclass characteristic which have tends to prevent its members from rising above their class.

Cherrie Morag Heroes And Saints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cherrie Morag Heroes And Saints - Essay Example Heroes and saints represent horrible epidemics of incurable diseases birth defects among other problems that a small farming town faced; this was caused by the spraying of a pesticide that resulted in a great suffering among the people. These Political injustices arose in the American system of governance. The play seeks to sound a message to the present people that they should not count on other people, to bring changes, but should demand the help. People must learn to come together, and fight for their basic rights. This can only be achieved if the oppressed come together, and in one voice demand, their rights and this will lead to the eventual attainment of happiness and liberty. The race takes precedence in the play, once one was recognized as a Latino he or, she was taken to have a sort of disability. Race and disability are both identities that are interstitial and simultaneous. In this play, Moraga makes use of disability as a metaphor and phenomenal frame for economic oppress ion, gender, and racial discrimination. Felipe Franco is a character used by Moraga in this play, the mother to Felipe worked in the fields poisoned by pesticides when she was pregnant, due to this Felipe was born with no limbs. Here, what is seen is the use of disability put forward in lived reality and used as a metaphor dissipating oppression. An environmental justice group identified race to be a very powerful factor when it comes to the public’s exposure to toxicity. Pesticides tend to focus on the female reproductive system resulting.

HIV/AIDS: Stigma and discrimination

HIV/AIDS: Stigma and discrimination Stigma and discrimination face by people living with HIV/AIDS It has been defined by Roura et al., (2009) that the stigma associated with a precise kind of relationship between the behvaiours, perceptions and stereotypes is concerned with a deep sense of social deprivation. Despite the fact, that the concept of stigma is around 40 years old, it has been much researched on and is widely used to draw implications both in social and cultural contexts. All societies have imparted convictions and implications which help them translate encounters and conduct. Implanted inside that framework are the regulations based on which is to be demonized and who is definitely not. Despite the fact that these guidelines may contrast from society to society, shame is for the most part considered an adverse, moral or judgemental meaning of an individual or social circumstance, regularly joined with disparaging, disrespect, fault, and attribution of obligation regarding the condition. Disgrace is not just connected to persons with undesirable physical properties. A great many people are acutely mindful that persons with undesirable characteristics, whether physical, mental or passionate, are effectively and immediately defamed. In British society, a great many people will concur that individuals are obviously disparaged on the premise of their race, society, financial status, sex and age. Notwithstanding, the presence of disgrace can be more treacherous when connected to those with physical and dysfunctional behaviour, inability or physical impedances, or when connected with ugliness, indiscrimination, kid/grown-up ill-use, same-sex introduction, medication utilization/misuse and passing. Once derided, the individual is discriminated as a worthy part of society, subsequently the expression ruined personality stated by Pearson et al., (2009) to depict the division of the deprived individuals from ordinary parts of society. Once named as an other, the slandered individual is then subjected to separation, the activity emulating the cognitive met hodology of derision.   LO1: Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative research methods It has been stated that in the current era of Modern science there are multiple ways of thinking and identifying qualitative and quantitative research. The disagreement between qualitative examination methodologies and other research techniques is in inconsistency with the methodological aspects, as well as shows up in the opposition, in the epistemological field. This implies that the instruments, as well as in the focal methodologies describe the generation of information. I accept that the qualitative epistemology is focused around standards that have vital methodological outcomes. Alternately, quantitative outline addresses the numerical delineation of proof examined and information gathered. Logical information from qualitative exploration is not legitimized by the quantity of subjects examined, however by the nature of its outflow (Bernard Bernard, 2013). The quantity of subjects to study reacts to a quantitative paradigm, characterized essentially by the needs of the learning procedure found sometime during the examination in factual means. Singular statement of the subject in both the techniques gets centrality as the spot which may have at one point for the generation of thoughts by the analyst. The data passed on by a specific subject can be a critical minute for the generation of learning, without essentially must be rehashed in different subjects and information gathering techniques. Qualitative exploration offers numerous perspectives with quantitative examination morals. Along these lines, the moral issues are appropriate to science as a rule to both the examination plans. Clearly, knowing the multifaceted nature of morals and good logic, it is prescribed that an exchange that is expected to approach moral judgements of qualitative examination ought to be upheld by a few hypotheses. At the same time there are such a variety of hypotheses that a well meaning push to actualize large portions of them in the investigation of a particular examination can get to be inefficient. Especially on account of quantitative exploration, it is important to incorporate individuals with capacity and readiness of reflection and correspondence that they comprehend social qualities, needs and powerlessness, and the concerns of potential study subjects (Bernard Bernard, 2013). Leading qualitative exploration is similarly less immoderate than directing quantitative examination. Qualitative research likewise turns out to be viable when the exploration obliges unlimited measure of data. LO2: Is Research evidence appropriate to health and social care practice Since the first instances of AIDS were distinguished in 1981, HIVs have been disparaged. The examination confirmation existed on this point involves to the broad accessibility of information and databases. Cao et al., (2010) recommended that in social and medicinal services connection, the dread of AIDS spread over our country, HIVs being deprived from their occupations, ousted from their homes, denied restorative tend to, savagery and expelled from their own particular families. Additionally, HIV-positive kids have been denied admission to schools, games groups and clubs, and have encountered badgering from other youngsters and folks of other kids. This social derision of HIVs is not restricted to the United Kingdom, either. In different nations, HIVs have been beaten to death; disregarded by neighbours, managers and social insurance specialists; and even compared to rehearsing witchcraft. As a result of its relationship with the unthinkable subject of male-to-male sex and the trepidation of tainting, society has reacted to HIV/AIDS by disparaging persons to avoid them as much as possible. Is this belittling got from outsiders, as well as it can be gotten from the HIVs relatives, companions and health awareness experts too. It is interesting to note that during an era when HIVs need social backing like never before, they are rather subjected to the threatening vibe and dismissal connected with HIV-related disgrace. Radcliffe et al., (2010) characterized the expression Helps related shame as a term that alludes to preference, reducing, undermining, and segregation guided at individuals saw to have AIDS or HIV, and the people, gatherings, and groups with which they are related. This belittling can be showed in numerous diverse ways, frequently focused around the current generalizations of the society. In the United Kingdom, HIV-related disgrace showed through seclusion, dismissal, stereotyping, segregation and off and on again savagery. Social Factors of HIV-Related Stigma HIV/ AIDS confront shame on numerous distinctive levels. Medicinal diseases as of now can be a disgrace of their own, particularly focused around the reality of the condition. Since there is right now no cure for HIV/ AIDS, the condition is viewed as deadly, a term which strikes fear in the hearts of the vast majority. In an examination article on Supports and Stigma, Wagner et al., (2010) demonstrates that there are four particular qualities of HIV/AIDS that inspire disgrace from society, specifically: 1) apparent obligation of the PWHIV in getting the illness, 2) the unalterable or degenerative nature of the malady, 3) the way that it can be an infectious infection and 4) the promptly obvious indications of the sickness which show as the ailment advances. Rao et al., (2012) draw a qualification between instrumental AIDS disgrace (identifying with the transmittable and deadly nature of HIV) and typical AIDS shame. Instrumental AIDS shame is an after-effect of societys characteristic apprehension of the illness and the absence of instruction on infection transmission. LO3: Examining research evidence with consideration to validity and reliability In assessing studies, numerous methodological concerns do develop. Maybe, the most vital concerns are reliability and validity of the exploration procedure. Reliability appraisal of a study device is a centre segment of behavioural research and can be used effectively into immediate perceptions by deciding best conceivable levels of presentation. A few strategies have been utilized that can give reliability of the survey estimation routines, including test-retest, Pearson coefficient, Kendalls coefficient, odd-even, and the proportional structures strategy. Social approval systems are substantial to the degree that they gauge what they claim to quantify. It is basic that great inward and outer validity be expressed as a social approval method. In addition, the outside validity of the evaluation methodology can be evaluated and still is faulty (Ritchie et al., 2013). The measurements analysts accept they are measuring may have little connection to what is really being measured and tha t face validity is deficient as the sole paradigm for assessing the validity of appraisal gadgets. One approach to survey validity would be to have the social approval evaluation created or reassessed by a board of masters or judges who are not included straightforwardly in the examination. An alternate technique would be to have a social approval evaluation of the social acceptance instrument. Case in point, in the wake of reacting to a poll, raters would react to a second survey that let them know the reason for the first survey and requested that the rate how well they thought the inquiries surveyed the reason (Ritchie et al., 2013). Also, analysts need to be mindful of radiance impacts, inclinations to tolerance or seriousness, focal propensity reactions, and position or closeness predispositions of raters, which might misleadingly improve the reliability of estimation without enhancing reaction exactness or validity. LO4: Demonstrate knowledge of the relationship between research theory and health and social care practice Investigation demonstrates that social help whether perceived or genuine is especially paramount for females as they depend all the more on social connections contrasted with men in comparable circumstances. A few studies have recommended that apparent social backing is more vital than genuine backing. Social backing has been demonstrated to impact both well being conduct and well being conclusions. Further, social backing has been indicated to cradle the impact of natural stressors, in this way, minimizing antagonistic results of upsetting circumstances. There is an overall reported backwards relationship between social backing and misery among HIV-positive populaces. Albeit much is thought about HIV-related shame and HIV-divulgence, an audit of the writing uncovers an absence of understanding of how they influence misery. Consequently, the general objective of this study is to look at the connections between sorrow (a mental result of HIV illness) and HIV-related shame, exposure of HIV positive status, and social backing among African-American ladies with HIV infection. Cao et al., (2010) portrayed social backing as an indispensable asset that an individual must draw upon for survival. As a safety asset, social backing is hypothesized to have an immediate impact on both cognitive evaluation and adapting endeavours. Social backing can help more positive examinations of individual life circumstances and backing more powerful adapting. Social backing can serve to lessen instability and stress and give the individual a method for diversion, passionate help, sensitivity and sympathy, and accommodating data. Ritchie et al., (2013) further developed the idea of social help, expressing that there is an agreeable refinement between the number and sorts of social connections and the view of the estimation of such connections. The quantity of social connections is termed the informal community. The view of social connections is termed seen social backing. At long last, Ritchie et al., (2013) recommended that there are distinctive sorts of social backing, for example, passionate, instructive, or substantial, and the sort of help must additionally be considered notwithstanding the span of the informal community and the impression of the nature of help that is accessible. Cao et al., (2010) remarkable various studies that have demonstrated how social connections maintain wellbeing and on the other hand how low social help identifies with negative wellbeing results. Broad exploration has showed that social combination has significant physical and mental medical advantages for more established grown-ups. Whats more, social backing has been indicated to be identified with positive conclusions in individuals living with HIV and, all the more particularly, to gay men living with HIV. Actually, adults matured 50 years and more seasoned include in excess of 10% of the HIV-positive populace in the United Kingdom. This rate is most likely excessively low focused around the way that more established grown-ups are rarely tried for HIV. Not their doctors or the more established grown-ups themselves see that they are at danger for the sickness. This is further convoluted on the grounds that numerous manifestations of HIV can be camouflaged as results of maturing. Alongside ladies and minorities, more seasoned grown-ups are right now one of the quickest developing HIV-contaminated populaces. They are particularly defenceless against disease (by physical changes in the body with age and by disappointment to utilize proper insurance amid sex) and, when tainted, they are more averse to recognize the side effects, get tired and look for the help they require. LO5: Gather evidence from a variety of research sources, including charts, graphs and tables, from text and online sources Although, emotional distress serves as a motivator for help-seeking behavior, the fear of being stigmatized may cloud the person’s cognitive process of making the decision to seek help. As time is of the essence with HIV/ AIDS, this delay in seeking health or social services presents a real problem. HIV/AIDS cases are also on the rise in such marginalized groups as African-Americans, women and older adults. Therefore, in many cases, HIVs are already stigmatized prior to disclosure of their HIV-positive condition. They know all too well the results of being stigmatized and, therefore, may be even more unwilling to disclose their HIV-positive status. The HIV-related stigma, then, becomes a second or even third type of stigma that is forced upon them. In their study of HIV-related stigma received by African-American caregivers, Rudolph et al., (2010) stated that â€Å"social isolation stemming from HIV-related stigma may be exacerbated for women, for elderly people, and for people of colour†. Persons who get HIV through circumstances which were out of their control (i.e., blood transfusions, needle-sticks or mother-to-kid) are even subject to this kind of slander, particularly as their infection advances. Typical AIDS shame is a statement of the general publics negative state of mind connected with the transmission of HIV. Due to the way of HIV/ AIDS, it will in the end get to be important for the contaminated individual to look for restorative consideration, at any rate. The forceful enthusiastic impacts going with the ailment might likewise make the requirement for usage of social administrations.. As time is of the pith with HIV/ AIDS, this deferral in looking for well being or social administrations exhibits a genuine issue. To confound matters, more established grown-ups and some ethnic gatherings are now uncertain of western solution hones, human services associations and mental health administrations and, moreover, might not have equivalent access to these administ rations. Albeit one may think divulgence to administration suppliers may not act like incredible a danger of being criticized as exposure to family, companions or associates, it still has dangers. Conclusion Since, the situation of HIV/ AIDS, is inevitably vital for the HIV-positive individuals to look for restorative consideration, at any rate, the compelling passionate impacts going with the disease might likewise make the requirement for use of social administrations. To entangle matters, more established grown-ups and some ethnic gatherings are as of now uncertain of western medication hones, human services associations and mental health administrations and, moreover, might not have equivalent access to these administrations. Albeit one may think deprivation to administration suppliers may not act like incredible a danger of being derided as exposure to family, companions or associates, it still has dangers. Notwithstanding the hazard that the HIVs status may not be kept totally private, there is likewise the danger of being defamed by the very administration experts to whom the HIVs turns for help. Despite the fact that health awareness experts may not have any desire to confess to slandering HIVs, the examination has confirm that HIV-related shame keeps on being available among some of them (Wagner et al., 2010). Notwithstanding the solid impact HIV-related disgrace can have on the self, it is characteristic for individuals to oppose being disparaged, and in this way, the social shame of HIV/ AIDS may make unnecessary deterrents to get social and health awareness administrations. On the off chance that the HIVs urge to oppose defamation is stronger than their urge to look for help for themselves, they may evade usage of HIV-related administrations until such time that they cannot maintain a strategic distance from it any longer, maybe because of a hospitalization. References Bernard, H. R., Bernard, H. R. (2013).Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage. Cao, H., He, N., Jiang, Q., Yang, M., Liu, Z., Gao, M., Detels, R. (2010). Stigma against HIV-infected persons among migrant women living in Shanghai, China.AIDS Education and Prevention,22(5), 445. Pearson, C. R., Micek, M. A., Pfeiffer, J., Montoya, P., Matediane, E., Jonasse, T., Gloyd, S. S. (2009). One year after ART initiation: psychosocial factors associated with stigma among HIV-positive Mozambicans.AIDS and Behavior,13(6), 1189-1196. Radcliffe, J., Doty, N., Hawkins, L. A., Gaskins, C. S., Beidas, R., Rudy, B. J. (2010). Stigma and sexual health risk in HIV-positive African American young men who have sex with men.AIDS patient care and STDs,24(8), 493-499. Rao, D., Feldman, B. J., Fredericksen, R. J., Crane, P. K., Simoni, J. M., Kitahata, M. M., Crane, H. M. (2012). A structural equation model of HIV-related stigma, depressive symptoms, and medication adherence.AIDS and Behavior,16(3), 711-716. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Roura, M., Urassa, M., Busza, J., Mbata, D., Wringe, A., Zaba, B. (2009). Scaling up stigma? The effects of antiretroviral roll-out on stigma and HIV testing. Early evidence from rural Tanzania.Sexually transmitted infections,85(4), 308-312. Rudolph, A. E., Davis, W. W., Quan, V. M., Ha, T. V., Minh, N. L., Gregowski, A., Go, V. (2012). Perceptions of community-and family-level injection drug user (IDU)-and HIV-related stigma, disclosure decisions and experiences with layered stigma among HIV-positive IDUs in Vietnam.AIDS care,24(2), 239-244. Wagner, A. C., Hart, T. A., Mohammed, S., Ivanova, E., Wong, J., Loutfy, M. R. (2010). Correlates of HIV stigma in HIV-positive women.Archives of womens mental health,13(3), 207-214.